Bauhinia Variegata Pharmacological Properties
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Medicinal value of plant Bauhinia variegata Linn including its nomenclature, habit and habitat, cultivation and collection, Macro and Microscopic characteristics, phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological action.
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Bauhinia Variegata Pharmacological Properties
- 1. BAUHINIA VARIEGATA LINN (KOIRALO) Shailendra shah Department of pharmaceutical science, Nobel college Pokhara University March8,2020HimalayanCrudeDrugs 1
- 2. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW 1. Nomencleature 2. Biological Source 3. Habitat 4. Cultivation 5. Collection 6. Macroscopic character 7. Microscopic character 8. Chemical constituent 9. Pharmacological action 10. Pharmacological standard 11. Formulation March8,2020HimalayanCrudeDrugs 2
- 3. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences Kingdom: plantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Sub phylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Sub family: Caesalpinioideae Genus: Bauhinia Species: Bauhinia variegata .L Local name : Koiralo March8,2020 3 Himalayan Crude Drugs NOMENCLEATURE
- 4. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences BIOLOGICAL SOURCE Bauhinia veriegata L is a small to medium sized decidious tree with a simple leaves alternate stalked cleft at the apex into two rounded lobes resembling a camels foot. Leaves flower and roots are the major parts used . Young leaves, flower and fruits are cooked and use as a vegetable or pickles. March8,2020 4 Himalayan Crude Drugs
- 5. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences HABITAT B. variegata has been actively introduced as an ornamental and fodder tree across tropical and subtropical areas. It is grown up in the Himalayas up to 1900m of altitude .It can grow in dry infertile land. This genus comprises about 250 species of trees, lianas, and shrubs distributed principally in tropical and temperate regions of the world .It is one of the most popular edible flower. March8,2020 5 Himalayan Crude Drugs
- 6. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences CULTIVATION AND COLLECTION Seeds are dispersed before the monsoon , and germinate with the start of the rains.Cultivation of seeds disperse from the pods and germinates on sites with favourable light and moisture condition, while in unfabourable condition the radicle dies up or destroy . B. variegata is long lived tree,remaining leafless from jan- feb to april with leaf fall in nov-dec. fowering occurs when the plant is leafless. flowering starts from late winter and blooming periods last until early summer. Flowering and fruiting occuring in april-may. It occurs naturally in climates with hot, dry summers and mild winters . Trees start flowering when they are 2 to 3 years old. March8,2020 6 Himalayan Crude Drugs
- 7. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences MACROSCOPIC CHARACTER 1. Leaves: Leaves have minute stipules 1-2 mm, earlycaducous; petiole puberulous to glabrous, 3-4 cm; lamina broadly ovate to circular, often broader than long, 6-16 cm diameter; 11-13 nerved; tips of lobes broadly rounded base cordate. 2. Flowers: Flowers clusters (racemes) are unbranched at ends of twigs. They have short, stout stalks and a stalk like green, narrow basal tube (hypanthium). The light green, fairy hairy calyx forms a pointed 5-angled bud and splits open on 1 side,remaining attached; petals 5, slightly unequal, wavy margined and narrowed to the base; 5 curved stamens; very slender, stalked, curved pistil, with narrow, green, 1-celled ovary, style and dot like stigma. March8,2020 7 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 8. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences 3. Bark: The bark is light brownish grey, smooth to slightly fissured and scaly, inner bark is pinkish, fibrous and bitter. The twigs are slender, zigzag; when young.they are light green, slightly hairy, no throns and angled. 4. Fruit: Fruit are a oblong pod, flat, glabrous upto 30 cm (1ft) long, 10-15 seed. Organoleptic properties Colour: Deeply brown Odour: Characteristics Taste: Characteristics March8,2020 8 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 9. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences MICROSCOPIC CHARACTER T.S of root: Root is about 1.6 mm diameter, circular, smooth and even surfaced. It consists of following zones. Periderm: It consists outer wider zone of phellum, comprising of several compact and compressed tubular cells of phylum,narrow densely tannen filled and regular radial rows of phloem cells. Secondary phellom: It is broad and continous cylinder of randomly arranged shieve elements and phloem parenchyma cells. March8,2020 9 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 10. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences Secondary xylem: It is circular and solid consisting of this walled xylum fibers and four radial masses of thin walled ,wide circular vessels. The primary xylem was distinctly visible as four prominent masses around fairly wide scleranchymatic pith.the widest vessels were 100 narrow vessel with 50 in dimeter. March8,2020 10 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 11. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences Thick root: The thick root had broad and distinct phellum .phelloderm was not evident .the root with inner boundry of the periderm had thick irregular cylinder sclerenchyma elements. Crystal distribution: Calcium oxalate crystals are abundent in different parts of the root.the crystals are predominantly prismatic type that occurs with outer boundary of the secondary phloem inner to the periderm. . March8,2020 11 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 12. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences T.S of Bark :Bark shows a wide stratified cork.outer cork composed of thin walled,slightely compressed,yellow brown cells followed by a number of layers of brown coloured cells,where as the inner cork is composed of transversaly clongated orange brown cells,cork is interupted at certain places due to formation of rhytidome. March8,2020 12 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 13. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences Secondary cortex: some secondary cortex composed or 15 or more rows or transversely elongated to circular,thin- walled,parenchymatous cells.where as some secondary cortex cells contain orange brown contents of stone cells found scattered ocassion arranged in 1-7 or more tangential rows, pericyclic fibers,thick-walled with narrow lumen which are scattered in secondary cortex in singles or in groups. March8,2020 13 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 14. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences Secondary phloem: These consists of shive tubes,companion cells, phloem parenchyma and fibres transversed by funnel shaped medullary rays phloem fibres are arranged in radial rows thoghout phloem region. Prismatic and rhomboidal crystals or calcium, oxalate abundantly found in phloem and secondary cortex regions, very rarely found in cork cells, cluster crystals also present in secondary cortex and secondary phloem, crystal fibres also found in secondary phloem. March8,2020 14 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 15. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences CHEMICAL CONTITUENTS Flowers contain flavonids: Kaempferol-3-gagalactoside, Kaempferol-3- rhamnoglucoside Stem bark yields: Hentriacontane Stigmasterol Octacosanol Stems yields: ᵦ -sitisterol Lupiol Flavone glycoside March8,2020 15 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 16. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences March8,2020 16 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 17. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION • Antihyperlipidemic: Water and ethanol extract of stem in triton WR-1339 (iso- octylpolyoxyethylenephenol) indued hyperlipidemic albino rats by estimating serum triglyceride, VLDL, cholesterol, LDL and HDl. There is significant reduction in level of VLDL cholesterol and LDL where the level of HDL was increased. • Antipyretic activity : Ethanolic extract of Bauhinia veriegata exhibited significant antipyretic activities in brewers yeast induced pyrexia in Rats. In general Bauhinia veriegata ethanolic extract produced their antipyretic action through the inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase within the hpyothalamus. March8,2020 17 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 18. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences • Anticarcinogenic activity: Bauhinia variegata bark extract studied in Swiss albino mice shows reduction in number of papillomas, tumor yield and tumor burden. (B. Rajkapoor, B. Jayakar & N. Murugesh). • Antimicrobial activity: The alcoholic extract shows antimicrobial activity against bacillius subtilis pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysentry, staphylococcus aureus and vibrio cholerae. March8,2020 18 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 19. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences The largest zone of inhibition (18 mm) was found to be exhibited against B.subtilis where there is increased in level. . • The root has anti-tubercular, alternative, tonic, astringent, carminative properties. • The flower posses laxative and blood cleaning properties. • Flower also increases the number of erythrocytes. • Stem bark is anticancer to human epidermal carcinoma of the nasopharynx in vitro, CNS depressant, hypothermic to rats. March8,2020 19 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 20. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences • Anti-ulcer activity: The anti-ulcer activity of alcoholic extract of B. variegata was evaluated against gastric ulcer induced by pyloric ligation and aspirin induced ulcer model in rats. The stomach was incised along with greater curvature and examined for ulcer.(B. Rajkapoor1*, B. Jayakar1, R. Anandan1, S. Kavimani2) March8,2020 20 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 21. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences • Immunomodulator activity: The effect of the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Bauhinia variegata (EBV) on the primary and secondary antibody responses was evaluated by the humoral antibody response for a specific immune response. The effect of EBV on the phagocytic activity was evaluated by the carbon clearance test and neutrophil activation was evaluated by the neutrophil adhesion test for a nonspecific immune response. March8,2020 21 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 22. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences • Nephroprotective activity: The ethanolic extract of Bauhinia veriegata whole stem against cisplatin-induced neuropathy was investigated by an in vivo methods in rats. Acute nephrotoxicity was induced by i.m injection of cisplatin. Ethanol extract decreased the serum level of creatinine and urea as compared to the toxic control group. March8,2020 22 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 23. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences • Antibacterial effect: The extracts of Bauhinia variegata L. (B1-B11) had a concentration dependent antibacterial activity with more sensitivity for gram negative bacteria than gram positive bacteria used in the study. All the extracts of Bauhinia variegata L. showed considerable antibacterial activity at all the three concentrations (10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml) with certain variations and minimum activity was exhibited by petroleum ether extract (B1) at all the three concentrations against the investigated microorganisms .(Jigna Parekh, Nehal Karathia and Sumitra Chanda). March8,2020 23 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 24. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences • Anti diabetic properties: Oral administration of ethanolic, aqueous and hydro- alcoholic extract of leaves and stem bark of Bauhinia variegata at different doses i.e 200 and 400 mg/kg in streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan-induced diabetic rats reduced the elevated blood glucose level by increasing glucose metabolism 45. Phytochemical screening and in vitro free radical scavenging activity of aqueous and ethanolic bark extracts of Bauhinia variegata was assessed by studying its ability to scavenge DPPH, Nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and reducing power. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroid, phenol/ tannin, glycoside/ sugar, carbohydrate and terpenoids. March8,2020 24 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 25. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences PHARMACOLOGICAL STANDARD Foreign matter:- NMT 2% Total Ash: NMT 11% Acid insoluble ash: NMT 0.2% Alcohal- soluble extractive: NLT 2% Water-soluble extractive : NLT 6% March8,2020 25 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 26. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences FORMULATIONS • Dose:- 20-30 g of the drug decoction • Ayurvedic preparations: Kaanchanaara, kaanchanaaraka, kanchanak, kaanchana, gandhaari, sonapusphaka, ashmantaka. • Ayu Rasayana: Ayu rasayana is herbo-mineral formula that enhances longevity, rejuvenates and revitalies the bodily tissue and helps to slow cellular aging by the virtue of its natural antioxidant property. March8,2020 26 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 27. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences • Unani system: Hab mussafi khun: The flowers are used in “Hab mussafi khun”, for skin diseases. Sufuf kalan: The bark is used in “sufuf kalan” as aphrodisiac. • Cardio care :This herbo-mineral combination inhibits the oxidative damage of heart and blood vessels by low density lipoprotein (LDL) and accelerates the turnover of protective high density lipoprotein (HDL). Kanchnar guggal contains bark of this plant. • siddha/Tamil:- Sivappumanchori March8,2020 27 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 28. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences March8,2020 28 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 29. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences REFRENCES Gayathri Gunalan1, A.Saraswathy 1* and Vijayalakshmi Krishnamurthy2, Antimicrobial Activity Of Medicinal Plant Bauhinia variegata Linn. IJPBS |Volume 1| Issue 4 |OCT-DEC|2011|400-408 Manandhar NP (2002) Plants and People of Nepal, Timber Press, Portland, 130. March8,2020 29 HimalayanCrudeDrugs
- 30. Department of Pharmacy Pokhara University School of Health and Allied Sciences THANK YOU March8,2020 30 HimalayanCrudeDrugs