Duranta species are erect or scandent shrubs. Branches are spinous or glabrous. Branchlets are slender 4 angular. Leaves decussate-opposite, simple, petiole. Inflorescence terminal or in branchlets, racemiform, elongate, bracts linear. Flowers pedicillate, Calyx tubular 5-toothed, Corolla hypocrateriform 5 lobed, purple, blue or white color, Stamens 4 didynamous, Pistil 4 carpellary, Ovary 8 loculed, Style shorter than the stamens.
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Duranta angustifolia Salisb. |
| synonym | Duranta baumgartenii K.Koch |
| synonym | Duranta baumgartii Hibberd |
| synonym | Duranta dentata Pers. |
| synonym | Duranta ellisia Jacq. |
| synonym | Duranta erecta var. alba (Mast.) Caro |
| synonym | Duranta erecta var. grandiflora (Moldenke) Caro |
| synonym | Duranta inermis L. |
| synonym | Duranta integrifolia Tod. |
| synonym | Duranta latifolia Salisb. |
| synonym | Duranta macrodonta Moldenke |
| synonym | Duranta microphylla Willd. |
| synonym | Duranta plumieri f. variegata F.M.Bailey |
| synonym | Duranta plumieri Jacq. |
| synonym | Duranta plumieri var. alba Mast. |
| synonym | Duranta plumieri var. ellisia (Jacq.) F.M.Bailey |
| synonym | Duranta plumieri var. glabra Hieron. ex Niederl. |
| synonym | Duranta plumieri var. normalis F.M.Bailey, nom. inval. |
| synonym | Duranta plumieri var. strigillosa Schauer |
| synonym | Duranta racemosa Mill. |
| synonym | Duranta repens f. acuminata Kuntze |
| synonym | Duranta repens f. acuta (L.) Kuntze |
| synonym | Duranta repens f. canescens (Moldenke) Moldenke |
| synonym | Duranta repens f. glabrifolia Kuntze |
| synonym | Duranta repens f. grandiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke |
| synonym | Duranta repens f. integrifolia (Tod.) Moldenke |
| synonym | Duranta repens f. microphylla (Willd.) Moldenke |
| synonym | Duranta repens f. obtusifolia Kuntze |
| synonym | Duranta repens f. serrata (Moldenke) Moldenke |
| synonym | Duranta repens f. variegata (F.M.Bailey) Domin |
| synonym | Duranta repens f. vestita Kuntze |
| synonym | Duranta repens L. |
| synonym | Duranta repens var. alba (Mast.) L.H.Bailey |
| synonym | Duranta repens var. ellisia (F.M.Bailey) Domin |
| synonym | Duranta repens var. lopez-palacii Moldenke |
| synonym | Duranta repens var. multidentata Kuntze |
| synonym | Duranta repens var. mutisii Kuntze |
| synonym | Duranta repens var. normalis (F.M.Bailey) Domin, nom. inval. |
| synonym | Duranta repens var. paucidentata Kuntze |
| synonym | Duranta spinosa Mill. |
| synonym | Duranta turbinata Tod. |
| synonym | Duranta xalapensis Kunth |
| synonym | Ellisia acuta L. |
🗒 Common Names
| Assamese |
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| English |
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| Kannada |
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| Marathi |
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| Other |
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📚 Overview
Summary
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
Description
Habit: Shrub
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Sp. Pl. 2: 637. 1753
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Duranta species flowers are bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects. Flowering/Fruiting: Almost throughout the year.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
Dispersal
Seeds dispersed by barochory i.e., gravitational dispersal, endozoochory i.e., dispersal by birds and animals internally, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
Morphology
Shrub erect or scandent 5-15 ft. Bark dark brown. Branchlets obtusely 4 angular, lenticellate, usually armed with spines. Leaves opposite, ovate-elliptic, obovate-oblong, lanceolate or ovate, 2-6 x 1.5-3 cm across, base cuneate to acute, margin entire to dentate-serrate, apex acute to acuminate, chartaeous, green colored and sometimes with yellow and white patches near the margins, lateral veins 4-6 on either side of the midvein, veinlets reticulate, Petiole 0.5-1 cm long. Inflorescence racemose panicles, axillary, terminal and on branchlets 5-25 cm long, Bracts linear or subulate, 1-2 mm long, pubescent. Flowers zygomorphic, slender, pedicellate about 1-4 mm long, Calyx tubular or subhypocrateriform 5 toothed with acute teeth, sparsely pubescent and light green colored. Corolla hypocrateriform, unequal 5 lobed, blue, purple and yellowish purple, apex truncate, Corolla tube sparsely hairy on the throat, lateral lobes straight or curved, Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted in the corolla tube, filaments filiform, 2-2.5 mm long, hairy, green colored, anthers creamish, oblong, Ovary globose about 1 mm long, style slender about half the length of the corolla tube, glabrous, Stigma capitates, shortly 4 lobed. Fruit drupe globose about 0.75-1 cm in diameter, shining yellow.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
Diseases
Susceptible to insect pests (see image 4) and moulds.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Moist Deciduous Forests, Cultivated, Native of Tropical America
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Forest
Cultivated in gardens as fences, Native of Central America.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
Description
Global Distribution
India: Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Mahrastra, Manipur, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh; Central And Temperate America
Local Distribution
Plains of Assam
Maharashtra: Common throughout
Kerala: All districts
Tamil Nadu: All districts
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Local Distribution: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.
Global Distribution: Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa; Australasia; Europe; North America: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Caribbean Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, United States of America; South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Widely cultivated in gardens as ornamental and fencing plant. Fruits are toxic to humans where as consumed by some birds. Used as medicine.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN)
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
| References |
References
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33701128 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Duranta+erecta&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-65221 ;Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2013]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000487 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Ganeshaiah, K. N. et. al. (2012) Plants of Western Ghats. Lotus Printers, Bengaluru Vol. 1: 305. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 148-151. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 7 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33701128 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Duranta+erecta&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-65221 ;Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2013]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000487 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Ganeshaiah, K. N. et. al. (2012) Plants of Western Ghats. Lotus Printers, Bengaluru Vol. 1: 305. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 148-151. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 7 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
Information Listing > References
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33701128 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Duranta+erecta&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-65221 ;Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2013]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000487 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Ganeshaiah, K. N. et. al. (2012) Plants of Western Ghats. Lotus Printers, Bengaluru Vol. 1: 305. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 148-151. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 7 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/33701128 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Duranta+erecta&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-65221 ;Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2013]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000487 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Ganeshaiah, K. N. et. al. (2012) Plants of Western Ghats. Lotus Printers, Bengaluru Vol. 1: 305. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P. (2002) The Indian Verbenaceae. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 148-151. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 7 May 2013. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Lamiales |
| Family | Verbenaceae |
| Genus | Duranta |
| Species | Duranta erecta L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
